In the context of one-group pretest-posttest design and the associated threats to internal validity, any changes that occur systematically over time are called _____ effects.
A)regression
B)testing
C)maturation
D)history

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Maturation effects refer to changes that occur systematically over time due to natural development or aging of participants, which can affect the outcome of the study. Regression effects refer to statistical phenomenon where extreme scores on pretest tend to regress towards the mean on posttest. Testing effects refer to the impact of taking a pretest on subsequent performance, leading to inflated or deflated scores. History effects refer to external events that occur during the study period and may influence the outcome of the study.

In the Context of One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design and the Associated