An underlying assumption of Kohlberg's theory of moral development is that moral reasoning on the basis of individual principles and conscience represents the lowest and most basic level of moral reasoning.

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Kohlberg's theory posits that moral development occurs in stages, with higher stages involving more complex and nuanced moral reasoning. The first stage, which he called "pre-conventional," involves morality based on punishment and reward, whereas the second stage ("conventional") involves adherence to social norms and expectations. The third and highest stage ("post-conventional") involves moral reasoning based on universal ethical principles and the person's own conscience, which Kohlberg viewed as the most mature level of moral reasoning. Therefore, the underlying assumption of his theory is the opposite of what is suggested in the statement.

An Underlying Assumption of Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development Is