Which of the following enable the kidneys to produce urine of varying concentrations and volumes, depending on the body's needs
A)the Na⁺-K⁺ ATPase pump and cotransport carriers
B)the juxtaglomerular apparatus and vasa recta
C)the podocytes and peritubular capillaries
D)the medullary vertical osmotic gradient and vasopressin

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

The medullary vertical osmotic gradient and vasopressin help the kidneys produce urine of varying concentrations and volumes. The osmotic gradient is created by the loop of Henle, which allows for the concentration of solutes in the interstitial fluid of the renal medulla. Vasopressin, also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH), controls the permeability of the collecting ducts to water, allowing for the reabsorption of water into the body in areas of high osmolality and the production of a concentrated urine when needed.

Which of the Following Enable the Kidneys to Produce Urine