In white box and gray box testing,the first task of the tester is to perform preliminary information gathering on their own from outside the organization,sometimes called open source intelligence (OSINT).

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In white box testing, the tester has access to internal data structures, algorithms, and code. In gray box testing, the tester has partial knowledge of the internal workings. Preliminary information gathering from outside the organization (OSINT) is more characteristic of black box testing, where the tester simulates an external attacker with no prior knowledge of the system internals.

In White Box and Gray Box Testing,the First Task of the Tester