A criticism in the current formulations of helplessness/hopelessness depression theories is that:
A)It uses circular reasoning to suggest that hopelessness depression is caused by hopelessness.
B)The findings may not be specific to depression.
C)The depressive attributional style tend to disappear when depression remits.
D)All of the above.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

All of the above statements are criticisms of the current formulations of helplessness/hopelessness depression theories. The use of circular reasoning is evident in the suggestion that hopelessness depression is caused by hopelessness. The findings may not be specific to depression as similar patterns have been observed in other disorders. The depressive attributional style tends to disappear when depression remits, indicating that it may be a byproduct of depression rather than a causal factor.

A Criticism in the Current Formulations of Helplessness/hopelessness Depression Theories