Which of These Is Not a Reason Why Memory Researchers

Which of these is not a reason why memory researchers use judgments of learning (JOLs) to examine metamemory?

A) JOLs have also been shown to be highly predictive of study behavior.
B) JOLs bias metamemory towards older adults.
C) People use JOLs to allocate their study efforts to the difficult or to the easy items, depending on study constraints.
D) JOLs are also directly related to study behaviors in the real world.