All of the following are true of ceiling and floor effects EXCEPT:
A) They can be detected by manipulation checks
B) They are only problematic in pretest/posttest designs
C) They can be caused by poorly designed dependent variables
D) They can be caused by poorly designed independent variables
E) All of the above are true

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Ceiling and floor effects can occur in any type of research design, not just pretest/posttest designs. Therefore, choice B is incorrect. Choices A, C, and D are all true statements.

All of the Following Are True of Ceiling and Floor