The levels of activity in the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions are controlled by
A)monosynaptic reflexes.
B)the spinal cord.
C)specific centers in the brain stem.
D)visceral motor neurons.
E)short reflexes.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Specific centers in the brain stem control the levels of activity in the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. These centers include the medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain, and they receive input from higher brain regions and sensory receptors throughout the body. The brain stem acts like a switchboard, sending signals via the autonomic nervous system to target organs in response to various stimuli or cues. Monosynaptic reflexes, the spinal cord, visceral motor neurons, and short reflexes also play a role in regulating autonomic nervous system activity, but they are not the primary controllers.

The Levels of Activity in the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions