Contrast media-induced nephrotoxicity (CIN)results from administering intravascular radiographic contrast material.After the administration of contrast,a transient increase in blood flow is then followed by a longer period of decreased blood flow to the kidneys.Which statement best describes a true risk factor for CIN?
A) Biphasic renal flow has been shown to induce CIN.
B) Underlying renal insufficiency is believed to be a predictor of CIN.
C) Occasional nephrotoxic drug use and dehydration among diabetic patients comprise most patients with CIN.
D) Vasodilatation, toxic stress, and tubular necrosis are known contributing factors as cited by a recent study.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

The incidence of CIN is negligible with normal renal function but increases 4% to 11% with mild-to-moderate insufficiency alone,defined as a plasma creatinine 1.5 to 4 mg/L.The incidence rises to 9% to 38% with diabetes,and more than 40% in patients with advanced renal dysfunction,marked volume depletion,advanced heart failure,or multiple contrast studies within a 72-hour period; and more than 50% if baseline plasma creatinine exceeds 4 mg/dL,particularly in patients with diabetic neuropathy.

Contrast Media-Induced Nephrotoxicity (CIN)results from Administering Intravascular Radiographic Contrast Material