A problem faced by many theories of drug conditioning is predicting
A) the direction of conditioned effects.
B) whether or not there is a conditional stimulus.
C) whether or not there is an unconditional stimulus.
D) whether conditioned or contingent tolerance will develop.
E) who will become addicted.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Many theories of drug conditioning have difficulty predicting the direction of conditioned effects. For example, some drugs can cause either a conditioned increase or decrease in heart rate depending on the drug and the experimental conditions. Therefore, it is difficult to predict whether a drug will have a conditioned effect and what that effect will be.

A Problem Faced by Many Theories of Drug Conditioning Is