Bivariate association claims' failure to meet the criteria of temporal precedence and internal validity means that cannot be .
A)covariance; established
B)construct validity; interrogated
C)hypotheses; tested
D)causal inferences; made

Question

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Failure to meet the criteria of temporal precedence and internal validity means that causal inferences cannot be made. This means that we cannot establish causality between two variables and therefore cannot make claims about one variable causing the other.

Bivariate Association Claims' Failure to Meet the Criteria of Temporal