Waves begin to "feel bottom" at a depth that is about one-half their wavelength.

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Quizplus · Accepted Answer

This is known as the "shallow water effect" and is true for most types of waves, including ocean waves, sound waves, and seismic waves. When waves reach a depth of about one-half their wavelength, the bottom of the water or other medium begins to have an effect on the wave's speed and shape, causing it to become more peaked and eventually break. This is why waves often break near the shore or in shallow water, where the depth is less than half the wavelength.

Waves Begin to "Feel Bottom" at a Depth That Is