One of the Applications of Proximate Cause Doctrine to Cases

One of the applications of proximate cause doctrine to cases where a plaintiff sues for negligence require:

A) the plaintiff and a defendant to agree to an arbitration.
B) the injury to be caused directly by a defendant's negligence.
C) the injury to be caused by a defendant's comparative fault.
D) the plaintiff to prove a defendant's contributory negligence.
E) a defendant to prove that he or she assumed the risk voluntarily.