The rights of a third party beneficiary under a contract vest if the third party materially changes his or her position in justifiable reliance on the promise.

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This is known as the doctrine of detrimental reliance or promissory estoppel. Essentially, if the third party relied on the promise and changed their position because of the promise, they may have a legal right to enforce the contract, even though they were not originally a party to the contract.

The Rights of a Third Party Beneficiary Under a Contract