Validity takes place when the occurrence of X increases the probability of the occurrence of Y.
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Q3: The relevant cause/effect relationship is identified when
Q4: With experimental designs,it is possible to control
Q5: According to the text,experiments can be described
Q6: The control group is not exposed to
Q7: Variables that measure the effect of the
Q7: Causality refers to when the occurrence of
Q9: Dependent variables are variables that are manipulated
Q10: Internal validity refers to whether the cause-and-effect
Q11: Concomitant variation occurs when the presumed cause
Q12: Randomization is the preferred method for controlling
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