The degree of certainty that a parent is indeed related to their [purported] offspring is
A) high for females in species that practice internal fertilization.
B) low for males in species that practice internal fertilization.
C) higher for males that practice external fertilization than those that practice internal fertilization.
D) all of the above.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

In species that practice internal fertilization, the mother (female) has a high degree of certainty of her relation to the offspring since she carries and gives birth to them. For males in these species, the certainty is lower because they do not have the same physical connection to the offspring. In species that practice external fertilization, males can have a higher degree of certainty if they are the ones fertilizing the eggs as they are released, making D the correct answer as all statements are true.

The Degree of Certainty That a Parent Is Indeed Related