The metabolic rates of emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) in small groups are reduced by 39% compared to isolated birds; those of penguins in larger groups are reduced by another 21%. This is an example of a benefit of group living related to
A) conservation of water and heat.
B) decreased energetic costs of movement.
C) decreased risk of predation.
D) improved foraging.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Group living in emperor penguins helps in conserving water and heat, especially in the harsh, cold environments they inhabit. By huddling together, they reduce their overall surface area exposed to the cold, thus reducing heat loss and the energy required to maintain body temperature.

The Metabolic Rates of Emperor Penguins (Aptenodytes Forsteri) in Small