__________ decisions are associated with conflicts over goals and decision alternatives, rapidly changing circumstances, fuzzy information, unclear links among decision elements, and the inability to evaluate whether a proposed solution will work.
A) Nonprogrammed
B) Programmed
C) Wicked
D) Conventional
E) Irrational

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Wicked decisions are characterized by complex and constantly changing conditions, ambiguity, and uncertainty regarding the problem definition, values and objectives, and criteria for evaluating alternative solutions. These decisions often involve multiple stakeholders with conflicting interests and require innovative, creative, and integrative thinking to resolve the problem effectively. Nonprogrammed decisions are also associated with uncertainty and uniqueness but are usually made by senior executives for new, strategic, and unstructured problems. In contrast, programmed decisions are routine and repetitive and can be automated or delegated to subordinates by following standard procedures and rules. Conventional decisions refer to those that are based on established norms, traditions, and conventions and can be made easily without much reflection or analysis. Irrational decisions are those that are based on intuition, emotions, bias, or faulty reasoning and can lead to poor outcomes or regret.

__________ Decisions Are Associated with Conflicts Over Goals and Decision