In order to establish causality in a simple experiment, participants' scores must be independent.

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In a simple experiment, participants' scores must be independent to establish causality. This means that the score of one participant should not affect the score of another participant. If the scores are not independent, then it is possible that the results of the experiment are due to chance or other factors, rather than the independent variable.

In Order to Establish Causality in a Simple Experiment, Participants