Under what circumstances are the results of a before-and-after study difficult to interpret?
A)If the study does not include a control group
B)If the study includes too many participants
C)If the study starts with a falsifiable hypothesis
D)If the participants are a random sample of the population

Question

Under what circumstances are the results of a before-and-after study difficult to interpret?​
A)If the study does not include a control group
B)​If the study includes too many participants
C)​If the study starts with a falsifiable hypothesis
D)​If the participants are a random sample of the population

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Without a control group, it is difficult to determine if any observed changes are actually due to the intervention being studied or if they are simply the result of other factors. Other factors could include natural fluctuations or external events that are unrelated to the intervention being studied.

Under What Circumstances Are the Results of a Before-And-After Study