The first approximation treats a forward-biased diode like a closed switch with a voltage drop of zero volts.

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The first approximation treats a forward-biased diode like a closed switch with a voltage drop of zero volts because the voltage drop across a forward-biased diode is very small, typically around 0.7 volts. This means that the diode can be treated as a closed switch, with no voltage drop, for most practical purposes.

The First Approximation Treats a Forward-Biased Diode Like a Closed