The patient who has CRF is evaluated for dialysis or kidney transplantation to prolong life.

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The underlying cause, if known, must be treated. The patient is evaluated for dialysis or kidney transplantation to prolong life. Diet and nutritional modifications control protein and sodium intake to reduce the work of the diseased kidneys. Fluid intake and output are monitored and regulated. Drug therapy includes the administration of diuretics, antihypertensives, antiinfective agents, and antiemetics. The symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite may be reduced by a change in diet that includes more carbohydrate and fat calories and fewer protein calories. Severe anemia can occur with CRF, and often the administration of erythropoietin, a protein that stimulates bone marrow, can help form new red blood cells. Bone degeneration can also result from CRF, and calcitriol, a form of vitamin D, can be given to help prevent the bones from weakening. The patient is given supportive care and kept as comfortable as possible. Many different complications are possible, so the prognosis is uncertain.

The Patient Who Has CRF Is Evaluated for Dialysis or Kidney