The second policy of mercantilists is to extract trade gains from foreigners through regulations and controls so as to achieve a surplus in the balance of trade through maximizing exports.

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Mercantilists believed in promoting exports while restricting imports in order to create a positive balance of trade, which they saw as a sign of a strong and prosperous economy. They believed in using regulations and controls to extract trade gains from foreigners and maximize exports, thereby achieving a surplus in the balance of trade.

The Second Policy of Mercantilists Is to Extract Trade Gains