Which Statement Best Describes Punishment

Which statement best describes punishment?

A) It is either the presentation of an aversive stimulus or removal of a positive stimulus with the intent of reducing or eliminating an undesirable behavior.
B) It is the offering of something valued after a desired behavior has been exhibited, resulting in an increase in the frequency of the behavior.
C) It is the offering of something valued before a desired behavior has been exhibited, resulting in an increase in the frequency of that behavior.
D) It is a reinforcer used to increase a desired behavior by encouraging students to perform a particular behavior in order to avoid something they dislike.