The preoperational child may also have difficulty performing mental operations requiring an understanding that, for example, an object may retain its identity even if its appearance is changed for some reason.

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This is true. According to Piaget's theory, the preoperational child (ages 2-7) has difficulty with conservation tasks, which are mental operations that require an understanding that the amount, volume, or quantity of a substance or object remains the same despite changes in its appearance or arrangement. For example, a preoperational child may believe that two rows of candies have different amounts simply because one row is spread out more than the other, even though the number of candies in each row is the same.

The Preoperational Child May Also Have Difficulty Performing Mental Operations