Poor blacks, especially the welfare poor, have not benefited from the educational and employment opportunities of affirmative action.

Question

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Affirmative action policies have been criticized for only benefiting a small, privileged group of minority individuals, while leaving behind poorer members of those communities who lack the necessary qualifications and resources to take advantage of affirmative action opportunities. Research has shown that the biggest beneficiaries of affirmative action have been middle- and upper-class blacks, while poorer blacks have not seen significant improvements in educational or employment opportunities.

Poor Blacks, Especially the Welfare Poor, Have Not Benefited from the Educational