According to Gowans, the word "suffering" is not a perfect translation of dukkha because
A) dukkha refers to any intense emotion, such as joy or rage, that we do not normally think of as suffering.
B) dukkha includes negative feelings, such as discomfort or disappointment, that we would not normally describe as suffering.
C) dukkha includes negative emotions, such as sadness or loneliness, but excludes physical suffering (e.g., from disease or injury).
D) dukkha refers to the desires that cause suffering, rather than to the suffering itself, and Buddha emphasizes that the two are different.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Gowans explains that dukkha encompasses a range of negative feelings and experiences, including discomfort, disappointment, and dissatisfaction, which may not be considered as "suffering" in the traditional sense. Therefore, the word "suffering" is not a perfect translation of dukkha.

According to Gowans, the Word "Suffering" Is Not a Perfect