The criteria for causality typically include:
A) The independent variable (IV) must precede the dependent variable (DV)
B) The independent variable (IV) and the dependent variable (DV) must be unrelated
C) There must be no third variable that could explain the relationship between IV and DV
D) Random selection of participants from the population
E) a and c

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

The criteria for causality include that the independent variable must precede the dependent variable (a), and there must be no third variable that could explain the relationship between IV and DV (c). Option B is incorrect because the IV and DV must be related for causality to be established, and option D is incorrect because random selection is a method of selecting participants for a study, and it is not a criterion for causality.

The Criteria for Causality Typically Include