Which of the following proteins may be found in small (micro) amounts in the urine when screening patients who have diabetes mellitus, hypertension, heart attack, stroke, and pregnancy? (Hint: Their presence is compared to excreted creatinine in a ratio.)
A) Albumin
B) Myoglobin
C) Bence Jones protein
D) Hemoglobin

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Albumin can be found in small amounts in the urine when screening patients with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, heart attack, stroke, and pregnancy. The presence of albumin is measured by comparing its concentration to that of excreted creatinine in a ratio, known as the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR). High levels of UACR indicate kidney damage, which is a common complication in these conditions. Myoglobin and hemoglobin may also be found in the urine in certain conditions such as kidney injury or rhabdomyolysis, but they are not specific markers for these conditions. Bence Jones protein is a type of monoclonal immunoglobulin that is secreted by cancerous plasma cells in multiple myeloma, and it is not usually detected in the urine of patients with other conditions.

Which of the Following Proteins May Be Found in Small