Which of the following provides the best example of Ha-Joon Chang's "kicking away the ladder" argument?
A) Many developing countries are subject to the one-size-fits-all nature of conditionality and SAPs, which assumes that all poor countries face the same challenges.
B) Many developing countries must observe international climate accords that limit industrial expansion even though the developed world did not have to do so.
C) Many developing countries are unable to subsidize or protect domestic industries over the course of industrialization even though the developed world did not have to do so.
D) Many developing countries are required to comply with enacting structural and economic reforms to receive foreign assistance, but do not do so after they have received the aid.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Ha-Joon Chang's "kicking away the ladder" argument is that developed countries used protectionist policies and subsidies to grow their economies but now insist that developing countries adopt free trade and not protect their industries, akin to kicking away the ladder they themselves climbed.

Which of the Following Provides the Best Example of Ha-Joon