Many studies that use content analysis and survey research can
A) Make sufficient arguments for causality but not covariance
B) Make sufficient arguments for covariance but not causality
C) Make sufficient arguments for both causality and covariance
D) None of the above

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Content analysis and survey research can identify relationships or associations between variables (covariance) but typically cannot establish causality due to the lack of experimental control and inability to rule out alternative explanations.

Many Studies That Use Content Analysis and Survey Research Can