In order to be classified as a longitudinal design, the exact same respondents must be involved in at least two rounds of data collection.

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A longitudinal design involves repeated observations of the same variables over time, but it does not necessarily require the exact same respondents in each round. Panel studies use the same respondents, while cohort studies may involve different respondents from the same cohort.

In Order to Be Classified as a Longitudinal Design, the Exact