2 a Large Cooperation Develops a Long-Term Project to Test

2. A large cooperation develops a long-term project to test a series of leadership training courses it is designing. The training courses are to be offered after work for low-level employees. They will be run on a volunteer basis, and the workers will not be paid for staying late to attend. To evaluate the effectiveness of the course after ten years, the corporation decides that the measure of effectiveness will be how many of the individuals who take the course assume positions of leadership in comparison with those who did not take the course.
a. What is the measure of the dependent variable in this study?
b. In words or appropriate notation, identify the design of the study.
c. Assume that after ten years it is found that those who took the leadership course are more likely to be in positions of leadership within the corporation than those who did not. Identify two threats to internal validity and carefully explain how each could account for this effect.