With Respect to Understanding How Children Solve Problems, Which of the Following

With respect to understanding how children solve problems, which of the following relates to the central theme of encoding?

A) Careful examination of the problem to identify what is needed to solve it
B) Construction of a model that accurately represents the structure of the problem
C) Reconciliation of personal experience with the contradictory information being provided
D) Identification of the critical information and use of it to build an internal representation of the problem