__________________ Is Research to Identify Consumer Needs and Orientations and in the Communication

__________________ is research to identify consumer needs and orientations and in the communication analysis stage to focus on specific audiences, evaluate audience message behaviors, field test messages to guide message conceptualization and development, and identify communication channels with high audience reach, specificity, and influence.

A) Formative evaluation
B) Process evaluation
C) Summative evaluation
D) Research and type evaluation
E) None of the above