In the one-way ANOVA, it is assumed that the within-groups variance estimate ( MS_within ) is sensitive to the effect of the independent variable.

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In one-way ANOVA, the within-groups variance estimate is considered to be unaffected by the independent variable; it measures the variability among observations within the same group, which is assumed to be consistent across groups.

In the One-Way ANOVA, It Is Assumed That the Within-Groups