On the variable costing income statement,the amounts representing the difference between the contribution margin and income from operations is the fixed manufacturing costs and fixed selling and administrative expenses.

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This is because variable costing only considers variable costs (such as direct materials, direct labor, and variable overhead) as part of cost of goods sold and calculates a contribution margin (sales revenue minus variable costs). Fixed manufacturing costs and fixed selling and administrative expenses are considered as period costs and are expensed in the period they are incurred, which means they are deducted from the contribution margin to arrive at income from operations. Therefore, the difference between the contribution margin and income from operations represents fixed costs.

On the Variable Costing Income Statement,the Amounts Representing the Difference