In the context of chi square, variables are independent if________.
A) they are related.
B) cause and effect can be proved.
C) the obtained chi square falls in the critical region.
D) the score of a case on one variable has no effect on the score of the case on the other variable.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Independence between variables means that the score of a case on one variable has no effect on the score of the case on the other variable. Therefore, D is the correct choice. A is incorrect because variables that are related are not independent. B is incorrect because cause and effect cannot be proved based on independence alone. C is incorrect because the obtained chi square falling in the critical region indicates that the null hypothesis of independence should be rejected, but it does not determine whether the variables are independent or dependent.

In the Context of Chi Square, Variables Are Independent If________