Roshenhan's study in which individuals were admitted to psychiatric hospitals in order to observe patients and patient-staff interactions, is an example of contrived observation.

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Rosenhan's study involved participants (including Rosenhan himself) feigning hallucinations to be admitted into psychiatric hospitals to observe the environment and treatment, which is an example of participant observation rather than contrived observation, as the researchers were actively engaging in the setting they were studying rather than setting up artificial conditions.

Roshenhan's Study in Which Individuals Were Admitted to Psychiatric Hospitals