To demonstrate a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables, a researcher must make one of the variables change rather than waiting for it to change naturally.

Question

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To establish a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables, a researcher needs to conduct an experiment in which they manipulate the independent variable (the presumed cause) to observe its effect on the dependent variable (the presumed effect). Simply observing changes in the variables naturally occurring in the environment does not allow for a clear cause-and-effect relationship to be established.

To Demonstrate a Cause-And-Effect Relationship Between Two Variables, a Researcher