According to routine activities theory, a capable guardian could be a friend, a neighbor, a police officer, or even a well-placed street light.

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Routine activities theory suggests that for a crime to occur, three elements must be present: a motivated offender, a suitable target, and the absence of a capable guardian. A capable guardian can indeed be a person like a friend, neighbor, or police officer, or an environmental feature like a well-placed street light that increases visibility and deters potential offenders.

According to Routine Activities Theory, a Capable Guardian Could Be