Vessel elements and tracheids develop and become specialized hollow cells via the process of programmed cell death, also called apoptosis.

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Vessel elements and tracheids, which are specialized cells in the xylem of vascular plants, undergo programmed cell death (apoptosis) as part of their development into functional water-conducting and support structures. This process involves the breakdown and removal of the cell contents, leaving behind a hollow cell structure that facilitates the transport of water and minerals.

Vessel Elements and Tracheids Develop and Become Specialized Hollow Cells