Causation cannot be inferred from correlational studies because
A) they are so low in external validity.
B) they do not involve the manipulation of variables.
C) they are always conducted outside of the research lab.
D) researchers have too much control over the variables.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Correlational studies involve observing what naturally happens in the world without manipulating any variables. Because there is no manipulation to see how changing one variable affects another, it's impossible to determine cause and effect from correlation alone.

Causation Cannot Be Inferred from Correlational Studies Because