In Order to Improve Learning Outcomes for Adolescents, Middle School

In order to improve learning outcomes for adolescents, middle school teachers should provide which of the following?

A) a supportive, caring environment in which to meet social, emotional, and cognitive needs
B) a teacher-determined set of classroom rules to discourage students from distracting one another
C) teacher-student relationships that are more professional and less personal, compared with those in elementary classrooms
D) lower level activities in order to minimize opportunities for student failure