European Banks Began with Which of the Following

European banks began with which of the following?

A) Monarchs were the first bankers, lending out cash to help the poor learn a craft.
B) Churches were the first bankers, lending out cash to help the poor learn a craft.
C) Goldsmiths were the first bankers, and the paper receipts they issued for gold held on deposit became valued as money.
D) Fishermen were the first bankers, and the paper receipts they issued for the fish they stored in the hulls of their ships became valued as money.