An experimenter presented a body cue (such as bowing, pointing, or glancing) toward one of two objects and recorded whether a 4 year-old male collie named Krieger correctly chose the object indicated.Krieger chose the correct object 6 out of 10 times in this study.Does this provide evidence that Krieger understands human body cues? What are the TS, p-value, and decision in this study, using a 0.05 level of significance?
A) TS = 0.6325; p-value = 0.264; reject H₀
B) TS = 0.6325; p-value = 0.264; fail to reject H₀
C) TS = -0.6325; p-value = 0.264; fail to reject H₀
D) TS = 0.1000; p-value = 0.4602; fail to reject H₀

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

To determine if Krieger understands human body cues, we need to conduct a one-sample t-test. The null hypothesis, H₀, is that Krieger cannot choose the correct object based on human body cues, meaning that his success rate is no better than chance (50%). The alternative hypothesis, H₁, is that Krieger can understand human body cues, meaning that his success rate is greater than chance. We can calculate the t-statistic using the formula t = (x̄ - μ) / (s / √n), where x̄ is the sample mean (0.6), μ is the hypothesized population mean under H₀ (0.5), s is the sample standard deviation (0.4909), and n is the sample size (10). Plugging in the numbers, we get t = (0.6 - 0.5) / (0.4909 / √10) = 0.6325. Since this is a one-tailed test (we are only interested in whether Krieger's success rate is higher than chance), we look up the p-value in the t-distribution table with 9 degrees of freedom (df = n - 1). The p-value is 0.264. Comparing this to the significance level (0.05), we see that p > α, so we fail to reject H₀. Therefore, we do not have sufficient evidence to claim that Krieger understands human body cues. The correct answer is B, TS = 0.6325, p-value = 0.264, fail to reject H₀.

An Experimenter Presented a Body Cue (Such as Bowing, Pointing