According to Cloward and Ohlin, criminal gangs are primarily focused on involvement of violent behavior.

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According to Cloward and Ohlin, criminal gangs are not solely focused on violent behavior. They argue that there are three types of gangs: criminal, conflict, and retreatist, each of which has different motivations and goals. While some criminal gangs may engage in violent behavior, others may focus on activities such as theft or drug trafficking. Conflict gangs, on the other hand, may engage in violence to establish dominance over rival gangs or territories, while retreatist gangs may focus on drug use or other forms of deviant behavior.

According to Cloward and Ohlin, Criminal Gangs Are Primarily Focused