Which of the Following Statements Is NOT True

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A) Considerable progress has been made in identifying traits and skills relevant for managerial effectiveness and advancement.
B) Most trait studies are guided by a theory that explains how traits are related to managerial effectiveness and advancement.
C) It is difficult to interpret the relevance of abstract traits except by examining how they are expressed in the actual behavior of leaders and the effects of leader decisions and actions.
D) Few trait studies include mediating processes to explain why leadership traits and skills are relevant for predicting effectiveness in the current position or career success.