The four critical properties that are common to all languages are that they are symbolic, they have structure, they have meaning, and they are generative.

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All languages share these four critical properties: they use symbols (sounds, gestures, or characters) to represent objects, actions, ideas, and states; they have a structure, meaning they follow specific grammatical rules; they convey meaning, allowing users to communicate ideas and feelings; and they are generative, meaning users can create an infinite number of messages and ideas using a finite set of elements and rules.

The Four Critical Properties That Are Common to All Languages