An important condition for establishing causation is covariation. This is:
A) a statistical measure of the magnitude of the difference between variables among comparison groups.
B) the degree to which a study parallels the real world.
C) the degree to which researchers can rule out other possible causal explanations for an observed relationship.
D) when changes in one variable are associated with changes in another variable.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Covariation refers to the relationship between two variables where changes in one variable are associated with changes in the other. This is a fundamental concept in establishing causation, as it suggests a possible link between the variables that might be causal if other criteria are also met.

An Important Condition for Establishing Causation Is Covariation